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Metal detecting holidays in England with the Worlds most successful metal detecting club Twinned with Midwest Historical Research Society USA |
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Jettons |
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Jetons: Their Use and History - Great web site detailing how they were used
Ref books used - Michael Mitchiner Jetons Volumes |
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Mint condition 1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
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1310-14 Sterling bust English Jetton Edward II Class XI Rev - Long cross patonce 6 pellet clusters in angles, border pellets Obv - Bust Class II in circle, border pellets |
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Johan Conrad Hergen, master 1705 French style jetton 1705 -1743 Kings diademed bust right LVD.XV.D.G.FR.N.RE Tranquillity seated left, Crown on right knee in exergue I.C.H LE.REPROS.SUIT.LA.VICTOIRE
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Johan Jacob Dietzel of Nürnberg who made this sometime between 1711 and 1748.
Obverse "GEORG.DG.M.(.........) Reverse: "IOHAN(N.I)ACOB.DIETZEL.RECHP.COUNTERS" |
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1608 AD Hans Schultes III 'Turbanded bust' German Jetton. Male bust right wearing a turban. 1.28g, 22.23mm obv GLICK 4 foil KVMPT 4 foil VON flower GOT 4 foil ISTWAR rev Traditional imperial orb with cross patty in a tressure with 3 main arches, 3 pairs of pellets inside the tressure rosette HANS:SCHVLTES:ZV:NVRNB |
1562 AD Hans Krauwinckel I Master German Lion of St Mark Jetton, 19.27g, 30.02mm Lion of St Mark standing left with both wings shown. Book of the Gospels between fore- paws.Halo, rising into the margin, is surrounded by a star: Obv *S*MARCVS * EVANGELLIST*GOTT*** Rev Imperial Orb surrounded by cross patty witin an ornate tressure *HANNS * KRVRENBER The normal weight for this type is 7.95g to 11.30 g, this specimin weights 19.27g ???? It is acually two of the same type of Jettons stuck together
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HNNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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Period of Frederick III 1440- 1493 Nuremberg -Mainz -Bavaria type Lozengy shield of Bavaria |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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c 1550-1585 Rose/orb anonymous issues GVBENVE
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c1490-1550
The 'ship penny' type jetton:anonymous issue |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1490-
1550 'Ship -penny' Jetton anonymous issue |
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What
a find in this condition 1576 Henry 111 (1574-1589)
Paris mint obv +AMOR A Q YA rev DE FRAN ET POL LOIS SPLG DD French Jetton |
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Charles
VI Medieval Jetton 1380 to 1422 AD |
John the Good (1350 - 64) Jetton(b) Three pellet clusters as trefoils across crown |
Hans
Krauwinckel c1560- 1610
German
Jetton
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French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys Rev trefoil x 4 Ottery St Mary (r) |
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Hans Krauwinckel II c1585- 1635 Rev GOTT.ALLIEIN.DIE.EER.ESEI Obv HANNS.KRAVWINCKEL.I.NVR German
Jetton |
Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton |
Hans Krauwinckel II c1585- 1635 Rev GOTT.ALLIEIN.DIE.EER.ESEI German
Jetton
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French
copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de
lys |
ID'd by Hendrik |
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14thC
Medieval jetton(c) |
Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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'Mercury Type' Hans Schvltes III 1608-1612 Nuremberg jetton. Obv GLIK.KVMPT.VON.GOT.ISTWA |
Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL
IN NVRENB |
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Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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17thC
Jetton |
17thC
Jetton |
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Charles
VI Medieval Jetton 1380 to 1422 AD |
15thC 'Shield of France' Jetton Obv X AVE MARIA o GRACIA |
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17thC
German Jetton Orb and scepter type not in the reference books |
German
Jetton c1580 - 1610 |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Hans
Krauwinckel family c1562- 1635
German
Jetton
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1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL
IN NVRENB |
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Mid
14thC Dolphin type bronze Jetton - south eastern France |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL
IN NVRENB |
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C1370
- 1415 South Eastern France type Jetton |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL
IN NVRENB |
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GERMANY,
28mm brass jeton, laureate bust R, LVDOVIC XIII D G FR ET NAVAR REX
/ crowned arms of France & Navarre, CONRADT LAVFER RECHEPFENNM,
by Conrad Lauffer in Nuremberg, 1637-68 |
16thC
Half sized Rose orb type Jetton but silvered - requires more research |
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1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS
KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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French
copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de
lys |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS
KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1553- 86 AD Hans Schultes I ‘Lion of St Mark’ Jetton obv Lion of St mark standing left, nimbate and winged, holding book of the Gospels in right fore paw: Lions halo orjecting into the margin and surmounted by a cross + SANT:MARGVS:NORPED Rev Imperial orb surmouned by cross patty HANS rosette SCHVTLTES rosette NORNBE Ref Mitchiner 1382 |
Circa
1437 French Crown with ornaments type jetton - Paris Mint |
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15thC
Jetton - not
checked ref books yet
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Stunning
early 15thC Jetton
not
in ref books
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1586
Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton
HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
15thC Shield of France Jetton This type of back with no inner circles around the fleur di lis to obverse is not listed in ref books rareobv X AVE MARIA + GRACIA |
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Johan Jacob Dietzel of Nürnberg who made this sometime between 1711 and 1748. |
circa 1500 -1550 Rose Orb Jetton – anonymous issue – Large orb series with three Fleurs de Lis around a 5 petalled rose –fictitious legend - Ref Mitchiner 1190 |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1478 Louis XI Shield of France Jetton – Cross fleuretty with roses on reverse Ref Mitchiner 706 |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
French copper- alloy Jetton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys |
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French copper- alloy Jetton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys |
French copper- alloy Jetton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys |
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15thC French stock Jetton of Sedan - The use of 'cross feuilly' suggests a Northern mint. Ref Mitchener 712 |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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Mint condition 1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1340 AD French - shield of France Jetton |
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Interesting 16thC Jetton - not checked ref books yet |
Smallest Jetton I have ever seen, it is like a 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton - not in ref books 0.54g, 14.22mm |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Wolf Lauffer II 1612-1651 German Jetton master This Jetton is dated to 1640 Diademed bust of Louis XIV right - LVS.XIIII.D.G:FR.ET.NAV:REX Rev Crowned French shield (bearing 3 Lis)WOLF LAVFER RECHPF: MACH IN N:B |
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1549 Philip, prince of Spain Jetton , Crowned quarterly shield of Spain + low countries 2.37g, 24.67mm |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing feur de lys |
The 'Field of France' French Jetton, a field bearing numerous fleurs de lis stuck by John the Good 1350- 64 AD 9 fleurs de lis type |
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1371 Feudal French Jetton – Loraine and Bar type |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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13thC English jetton Obv - Edward bust Rev - Long cross and pellets |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1570 Egidius Krauwinckle Rose orb jetton |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Wolf Lauffer II 1612-1651 German Jetton master This Jetton is dated to 1640 |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
15thC Shield of France Jetton |
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Excellent find Damianus Krauwinckel Master 1543 - first active member of the Krauwinckel family 'Lion of Saint Mark' jetton Lion of St Mark standing left ,nimbate and winged, holding book of the Gospels Obv DOMIANVS rosette KRAVWINCK Rev Imperial orb surrounded by cross patty - fictitious inscription |
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Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1340 Shield of France Jetton |
1562 AD Hans Krauwinckel I Master German Lion of St Mark Jetton, 19.27g, 30.02mm Lion of St Mark standing left with both wings shown. Book of the Gospels between fore- paws.Halo, rising into the margin, is surrounded by a star: Obv *S*MARCVS * EVANGELLIST*GOTT*** Rev Imperial Orb surrounded by cross patty witin an ornate tressure *HANNS * KRVRENBER |
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Medieval shield jetton |
1553 Hans Schultes I 'Ship penny' jetton Obv Sailing ship facing left Rev Traditional 'four fleurs in a lozenge' crown HANS rosette SCHVLTES cross PO |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
17thC copper jetton |
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1302- 50 AD Sterling bust English medieval jetton Obv Bust , wearing cap ,in circle:border, strokes and pellets Rev Straight cross 'quatrefoil-in-circles' in angles, border pellets |
1553 Hans Schultes I 'Ship penny' jetton Obv Sailing ship facing left Rev Traditional 'four fleurs in a lozenge' crown HANS rosette SCHVLTES cross PO
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1497 - 1515 Louis XII French jetton - simple cross patty |
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17thC Continental jetton - not checked ref books yet |
1340 AD Medieval French Jetton |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Interesting 16thC jetton - need to check ref books on this one |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1497-1515 Louis XII Tower shield of Tournai French Jetton | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1371-1379 Duchy of Guelders - Mathide de Gueldre Rev Double standard arcuate cross fleuretty with a rampant lion (single tail) in each qtr |
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The Standing King series Charles IV 1322-28 French Jetton Obv 'king with sceptre standing beneath a gothic canopy' Type 404 Mitchiner Rev Triple stranded straight cross fleuretty in 4 arched tressure |
Stock Jetton for the Queen and her almony 14th to15th C Emblem of Queen marguerite de Provence, wife of Louis IX Moor's head right with hair bound Obv X AVE MARIA GRACIA PLNA |
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| 1553- 86 AD Hans Schultes I ‘Lion of St Mark’ Jetton | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1371-1379 Duchy of Guelders jetton Rampant Lion with a tall erect two forked tail was first introduced as the emblem of Limburg Rev Rampant Lion with a tall erect two forked tail of Limburg- all in 6 arched tressure -margin M repeated Rev Double stranded arcuate cross fleuretty with rampant lion (single tail) in each angle:margins crowns |
French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys Rev trefoil x 4 Ottery St Mary |
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| French copper- alloy Jeton 15th Obv Shield of France bearing three fleur de lys | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1461 Paris type Jetton - 'lozenge containing four lis' VIVE:LE:BON:ROI:DE:FRANCE |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
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1321-43 Sterling bust English Jetton Edward II Class XV Rev - Long cross patonce Obv - Bust Class 15 in circle, border pellets |
1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1285 - 1314 AD West Central France jeton The Paschal lamb jeton - ' I am the lamb of Berry' Obv MOVTON SVI:DE BE - Pascall lamb standing left, with one foot raised Rev Triple stranded cross fleuretty within 4 arched tressure |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
English medieval Edward jetton | ||
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1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
15thC French jetton - leafty ornaments around a central cross | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France | ||
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circa 1447 Charles VII Jetton with IHS Letters IHS in gothic script acorss field with upright stroke of H crossed AVE IIIARI STEELA DEI IIIATER Rev Double stranded arcuate cross fleuretty with pellet at centre |
1346-80 Charles V Shield of France ancient type jetton Obv + AVE MARIA GRACIA PLE Rev Double stranded arcuate cross fleuretty with lis at centre
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Very unusual Jetton as this purports to be a 16thC Mercury bust Jetton of one of the Kravwinckel or Lauffer families, howvever it only has a series of flowers as a legend both sides ?? Not listed in Mitchener |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetjon HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Unknown type with *I* I on Obv instead of pellets 1321 Edward II English jetton - Bust type Class XI Obv Edward bust with succession of * and I Rev Three armed cross, in each angle a 'facing bare human head ' border,, succession of letters B and S Similar Ref Mitchiner 131 but with different legend |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
French copper- alloy Jetton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three fleur de lys Rev trefoil x 4 Ottery St Mary |
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Unknown type with *I* I on Obv instead of pellets 1321 Edward II English jetton - Bust type Class XI Obv Edward bust with succession of * and I Rev Long cross with pellets Similar Ref Mitchiner 131 but with different legend |
Interesting unrecorded 1422 shield of France type Jetton not in Mitchener 3 Lis in a shield with what appears to be snakes above and to sides of shield Obv + AVE MARIA + GRACIA |
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1422 shield of France type Jetton 3 Lis in a shield |
Facinating medieval find - Looks like Jetton used as a type of mount or brooch. Researching the books |
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| 1525 'Ship -orb' Jetton - fictitious inscription | Stunning English medieval jetton not in ref books Appears to be the same period and design circa 1280 like the Lions of England type but this has a winged bird of prey on Obv |
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1373-to 1414 struck by Charles V to VI Paschal lamb jetton of Bourge (Berry) Obv +MOTION SVI: DE BERRI Paschal lamb standing left with one foot raised:head nimbate and reverted to view flag with cross at top Mitch Ref 498 |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1340 French jetton | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
15thC French - Four fleurs de lis in a lozenge jetton | ||
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13thC French jetton Obv 3 fleurs de lis DETOUR+DETOUR Rev Double stranded arcuate cross feuilly with pellet at centre PAI - DIEV -NOV NOIN |
15thC French Chatel Tournois Jetton Obv Traditional Chatel Tournois (Castle of Tours) SIB IIOIIIEIII BOIII II I Ref Mitchener 741 |
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15thC Continental jetton - Working on ID Obv PBS DG HIB REX CO ZEA Rev PACE |
1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with annulet and rosettes across body of crown Obv AVE MARIA GRACIA Rev A-V-E-M Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty Ref Mitchiner 469 |
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1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown with 3 rosettes across body of crown |
1515 -59 Iorg Schultes Master, German Lion of St Mark Jetton, Lions halo projects above inner circle and interrupt legend Lion of St Mark standing left with both wings shown. Book of the Gospels between fore- paws.Halo, rising into the margin, is surrounded by a star: Rev Large Orb no initial mark, 3 pairs of annulets outside tressure Ref Mitchiner 1113 |
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1553 Hans Schultes I 'Ship penny' jetton Obv Sailing ship facing left Rev Traditional 'four fleurs in a lozenge' crown HANS rosette SCHVLTES cross PO |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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| 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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| 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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| 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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| 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | 1689- 94 William and Mary type jetton Kings' diademed bust right Obv WILLH.IIID.G.ANG.SCO.FR.ET.HI.REX Rev Queens head diademed bust right Ref Mitchiner 1804 |
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1418- 1437 Charles VII Paschal lamb type jetton, Bourges Paschal lamb standing with one foot raised head nimbate Obv+ GETES star DIEV star FALIR Simple single armed cross patty with lis bewtween each arm Rev + AMIES star DIEV star ET star LO Ref Mitchiner 558 |
Rare English jetton, 1345/55 Late pictorial issues of the mid century : This type with the obverse as a rose is not in Mitchiner but could be a mule with Mitchiner 186 Obv Barbed rose 5 petals, border fictitious legend Rev Long cross patonace , 6 pellet clusters in each angle, border pellets Ref Mitchiner 245 |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
Taco'd 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
The Standing King series Charles IV 1322-28 French Jetton Obv 'king with sceptre standing beneath a gothic canopy' |
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Charles 1st/ 2nd Jetton ? Obv Crown C |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1562 AD Hans Krauwinckel I Master German Lion of St Mark Jetton | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1340 AD French Jetton Crown introduced in 1340 by Philip VI (1328-50) Royal Crown Rev Triple banded straight cross fleuretty AV |
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French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD Obv Shield of France bearing three feur de lys Rev trefoil x 4 Ottery St Mary |
French copper- alloy Jeton 1380AD | ||
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| Hans Krauwinckel II c1585- 1635 | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton HANNS KRAVWINCKEL IN NVRENB |
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| 1562 AD Hans Krauwinckel I Master German Lion of St Mark Jetton | 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jetton | ||
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1608 AD Hans Schultes III 'Turbanded bust' German Jetton. Male bust right wearing a turban. 1.28g, 22.23mm obv GLICK 4 foil KVMPT 4 foil VON flower GOT 4 foil ISTWAR rev Traditional imperial orb with cross patty in a tressure with 3 main arches, 3 pairs of pellets inside the tressure rosette HANS:SCHVLTES:ZV:NVRNB |
The Standing King series Charles IV 1322-28 French Jetton Obv 'king with sceptre standing beneath a gothic canopy' |
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| 1586 Hans Krauwincel II Rose orb Jeton | |||
In
English a reckoning counter. Also Jeton (French) & Rechen-pfenning
(German). A coin-like object used in the calculation of accounts. Most
commonly made of copper or brass; but also silver (especially 17th century
and after: very rarely gold. Lead jettons are also known but their purpose
is obscure as they would wear out fast. Jettons are known from England,
France, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Italy, Portugal, Spain & probably other countries. Originally "jettons"
would have been pebbles or pieces of pottery (the word calculate derives
from Calx - pebble). The first specially struck jettons seem to be mid
13th century (French), the earliest English third quarter 13th century.
